关系代词引导的定语从句举例

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1. who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:

 

  (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

 

  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

 

  (3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师

2. whose 用来指人或物

  (只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替)

 

  (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

 

  (2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

 

  (3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。

3. which, that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:

 

  (1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)

 

  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

 

4. as

 

  as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时一般不省略,指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。

 

5. as与which的区别

 

  ①as可以放在句首,而which不行

 

  ②as表示主观,which表示客观事实

 

  ③as引导非限制性定语从句

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