关系代词 & 判断介词和关系代词

 

关系代词

  关系代词(一般情况下)that 可用在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语。

 

  which指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语;

 

  who在从句中作主语;

 

  whom在从句中作宾语;

 

  where在从句中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语;

 

  when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语;

 

  why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是"reason"

 

  有时why也可用for+which代替。

 

  例:A doctor is a person ‖who looks after people's health.

 

  主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词

判断介词和关系代词

  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如: 

 

  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 

 

  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 

 

  判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) 

 

  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 

 

  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 

 

  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 

 

  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 

 

  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

 

  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

 

  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? 

 

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

 

  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

 

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

 

  答案:例1 D,例2 A

 

  例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

 

  例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

 

  在句1中,is后应跟表语,只有the one可以,而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。

 

  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 

 

  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);

 

  先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。

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