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从“形合”到“意合”---谈GMAT语法考查新着力点（1）

　　内容提要：形合，指通过明显的字面结构性提示，传递句子内部的前后和谐关系。如大家熟悉的平行结构（由not only ….but also、both… and 、neither…nor等广为人知的结构引出）。此类考点在OG11版本出现颇多。其特色是只要抓住这些结构，则此题一招用到得到最后答案。然而，广大考生在借助比较老的练习材料建立了对该考点的基本熟悉之后，却很容易形成思维定式，变成单纯追求形式上的和谐，而忽略了逻辑意义上的和谐，即“意合”，落入“形而上”的陷阱。这一思维定式在08年以来的机考实战中，已经频繁被命题者所利用于构造题目的强迷惑选项。　　
　　以下对若干代表性题目做针对性点评
　　（1）GWD题目
　　A New York City ordinance of 1897 regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted pedestrians right-of-way.
　　A. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted
　　B. regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, granting
　　C. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted
　　D. regulating the use of bicycles, mandating a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, requiring of cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted
　　E. regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted
　　答案为E。易见该题意在考查四个动词regulate、mandate、required、granted的排列问题。考生容易先入为主，先假设四个动作是平行的，然后按照这个标准去寻找答案，最后感到困惑。实际上，该题最精妙之处，在于四个动作实际上并不平行。Regulate后面的内容是整个自行车的使用规则，后面三个动作分别介绍了该规则的三个方面。所以，regulate的层次是高于另外三个动词的。所以E的写法并没有使用四个动词平行的写法，却是真正正确的写法。

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