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从“形合”到“意合”---谈GMAT语法考查新着力点（2）

（2）见于GWD与PREP08
　　Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.
　　A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
　　B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less,
　　C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they
　　D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,
　　E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they
　　在PREP08出来之前，该题答案一直在A和D之间争议，直到PREP给出正确答案A才中止了争议。该题精妙之处在于，D选项是命题者故意设置的“形合”，让读者观感上觉得cost，get，allow，have形成了平行。而感到A选项的第一个“and”为多余。实际上，动作carry和后面几个动作并不平行。这个句子的逻辑关系是，“Carry”这个动作是没有参加“compared”的，所以自成一个层次，而另外四个动词是“compared”的项目，它们另外组成了一个四连珠的动词平行结构。故而A中的第一个“and“恰恰是必要的。
　　（3）来自Prep08
　　A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
　　A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
　　B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
　　C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
　　D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
　　E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
　　此题第一要点在于不纠缠于黑人到底使用单数还是复数形式，而是从并列对象是书而不是人入手，排除之后余下BE，此题另一精妙之处在于如何在BE之间抉择，谨记避免犯形而上的错误，简单根据E项有Being就杀之。此类对思维要求低的排除方法已经被证明在现行机考中越来越不靠谱。实际上遵循意合的思路容易找到线索。划线外部使用的作者与书的关系所有格写法是‘s，所以与之保持一致，则后面也使用同一个写法，故而选择E。此题并无明显并列连词提示考生题中的和谐关系，是依靠对句意理解得出。