3． 事物本身不能和它自身进行比较，要把自身排除在外
这类考题又是考察了另外一种解题思路，事物在与其他事物进行比较时一定要把自身排除在外，因为自身和自身进行比较是没有任何意义的。一般情况下这种题目的正确答案都会加上other这个词。
7． Los Angeles has a higher number of family dwellings per capita than any large city.
(A) a higher number of family dwellings per capita than any large city
(B) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than any other large city
(C) a higher number of family dwellings per capita than does any other large city
(D) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than do other large cities（C）
(E) a high per capita number of family dwellings, more than does any other large city
题干说落杉矶有更高的人均家庭住宅要比任何一个大城市，很明显落杉矶本身也是个大城市，它不能和自身进行比较，所以A错，答案选C，加了other以后就把落杉矶自己排除在外了。
8． It is not likely that the competitive imbalance that now exists between Japan with all major industrial nations will be redressed during the foreseeable future.
(A) with all major industrial nations will be redressed during
(B) with all other major industrial nations will be redressed within
(C) with all other major industrial nations will be redressed during
(D) and all major industrial nations will be redressed during（E）
(E) and all other major industrial nations will be redressed within
此题考点与上题完全一样。题目的意思是不可能有竞争性的平衡存在于日本和所有的工业国家之间，日本本身也是个工业国家，要把自身排除在外，答案选E，加了other。
4． 逻辑主语和谓语动词的搭配问题
这类考题是逻辑类考题中最多的，但所幸这类题目并不难，对此类题目熟悉后一眼就能找出题目中所蕴涵的错误。细分起来它又可以分为如下三类：
a. 分词的省略结构要求其逻辑主语必须和主句主语一致
9． Upset by the recent downturn in production numbers during the first half of the year, the possibility of adding worker incentives was raised by the board of directors at its quarterly meeting.
(A) the possibility of adding worker incentives was raised by the board of directors at its quarterly meeting
(B) the addition of worker incentives was raised as a possibility by the board of directors at its quarterly meeting
(C) added worker incentives was raised by the board of directors at its quarterly meeting as a possibility
(D) the board of directors raised at its quarterly meeting the possibility of worker incentives being added（E）
(E) the board of directors, at its quarterly meeting, raised the possibility of adding worker incentives
这道题目属于典型的分词省略结构类型的考题，题干放了过去分词upset, 意思是被最近的销售上的下降所沮丧了，谁被沮丧呢，逻辑主语必然是人，所以A，B，C的逻辑都是错误的，因为它们的主语不是人，答案应该选E，把句子的主语换为了管理者的董事会，应该是他们被沮丧了。
10. In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.
(A) In assessing the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.
(B) The question of whether the rural migrant worker is better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant in assessing the problems that they face.
(C) A question that is irrelevant in assessing the problems that rural migrant workers face is whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor.
(D) In an assessment of the problems faced by rural migrant workers, the question of whether they are better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant.（D）
(E) The question of whether the rural migrant worker is better off materially than the urban working poor is irrelevant in an assessment of the problems that they face.
题干的逻辑是在评估农村里迁徙工人所面临的问题时，他们在物质上是否比城市里面工作的穷人更好的这个问题与之是不相关的。这个逻辑明显是不对的，谁来评估这个问题，逻辑主语明显应该是人，A的主语是question明显是不对的。再稍加分析我们就可以发现，原文中并没有出现人，也就是说这个评估的对象是不存在的，所以无法使用分词的省略结构，这时的正确答案是D选项，它把assessing改为了assessment，即分词结构名词化了，名词是可以没有逻辑主语的，这就避免了逻辑主语错误的问题。大家可以好好体会这种解题的思路。
b. 形容词的省略结构
这类题其实与分词的省略结构考题大同小异，只不过将分词改为了形容词。
11. Once common throughout the Western plains, black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as a result of the poisoning of prairie dogs, their prey.
(A) black-footed ferrets are thought to have declined in number as
(B) it is thought that the decline in number of black-footed ferrets is
(C) the decline in the number of black-footed ferrets is thought of as
(D) that black-footed ferrets have declined in their numbers is thought to be（A）
(E) the numbers of the black-footed ferret are thought to have declined as
题目的意思是曾经在西部的平原上很普遍，黑色脚的雪貂被认为在数量上减少了作为毒害草原上狗的结果。句首用了形容词的省略结构，主语应该放置普遍的对象，A选项的主语是雪貂，可以作为普遍的逻辑发出者，而B，C，D，E都属于逻辑主语的搭配错误，所以答案选A。
c. 逻辑主语未出现时主动要改为被动
相比之下这类考题就稍有难度了，大家应该知道在我们GMAT语法当中有主动优于被动的原则，也就是说在均可使用的情况下，主动要优于被动，因为主动相对来说比较简洁，但如果句子的逻辑主语并没有出现，此时就无法使用主动了，这种情况下就一定要把主动改为被动。比如我们看下面一道例题：
12．Alaskaregularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
(A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves
(B) fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state’s economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves
(C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
(D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves（C）
(E) fund that they intend to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
题目的意思是阿拉斯加规则的存了一些利润从油的销售到一个特别的基金里面去，为了来维持这个州的经济在它的石油储备被销售完了之后。B选项用了they作为消耗石油储备的动作发出者，这个逻辑是不对的，因为前面复数名词只有利润profits，那么they就只能指代利润，而利润不可能发出消耗石油储备这个动作。同样E选项也用了they指代利润，利润不可能倾向于维持州的经济，所以逻辑也错。D选项用了分词的省略结构，但由于我们细看原文，并没有出现消耗石油储备这个动作的逻辑主语，所以无法使用分词的省略结构。答案应该选C，用了被动虽然相对来说不如主动简洁，但是由于句子的逻辑主语没有出现所以只能使用被动。